有关篇章回指另外还可参见社科院语言所徐赳赳老师的《现代汉语篇章回指研究》中国社会科学出版社出版。出版日期: 2003-12-01 。
现代汉语篇章回指研究
内容提要
徐赳赳
本书运用话语分析的理论和方法对现代汉语篇章回指现象进行了深入细致的分析和研究，为建立研究汉语篇章回指的分析框架奠定了基础。在篇章回指研究中，我们提出了适合研究篇章回指的一些重要概念：如篇章小句、篇章回指链（包括名词（回指）链、全局（回指）链、局部（回指）链等等）、代词单位、节点（包括根节点、子节点、新节点、旧节点等等）。这些概念使得对篇章回指的研究更为便利和准确。
本书以汉语的叙述文为语料，对汉语篇章中的零形回指、代词回指和名词回指进行了系统地分析和研究，结果发现，在零形回指中，影响零形回指的制约因素包括：句内指称距离制约、词汇意义制约、上下文制约（包括判断句首施事者的所指对象、靠语境判断零形回指对象、有歧义的零形回指对象）、语用制约（包括语音形式制约、世界知识制约）等等。我们还发现：语用和语义（这里主要指句子中动词的意义）是判别多动词句子中的零形回指对象所指对象的主要因素，句法（这里主要指句子的语法结构）是出于次要的地位。
在代词回指研究中，我们以第三人称代词“他”为研究重点，认为对代词他的研究成果可以对研究其他第三人称有鉴借作用。从话题的延续性的角度看：零形式延续性最强，代词次之，名词最弱。从对“他”的使用的制约因素来看，有人物变换的制约、故事情节的制约、时点和时段的制约、连接词的制约、结构的制约等等。研究显示：尽管代词在篇章中是按线性排列依次出现的，但还是表现出层次关系。代词“他”在篇章中的分布有很大的随机性，但篇章结构、语用等因素对代词的分布还是起着种种制约作用的。
在名词回指研究中，本书把名词回指分为五类，并从根节点(root node)、位置(position)、状态(state)和角色(role)这四个方面来观察五类名词回指的分布。我们从Matthiessen (1995) 的例示概念知识结构(instantial ideational ‘knowledge’ construction)中，发展了用于分析名词回指的概念系统（ideational system）。
Anaphora in Chinese Texts
Xu Jiujiu
In this book, the author applies discourse analysis theories and methods to conducting in-depth research on textual anaphora, laying a sound basis for an analytic framework for Chinese textual anaphora. The author raises some important concepts that are appropriate for textual anaphora study, such as textual clause, textual anaphora chain (including nominal anaphora chain, global anaphora chain, local anaphora chain and so on), pronominal unit, and nodes (root nodes, child node, new node and old node).
This book is based on Chinese narratives as the corpus, presenting a systematic research on zero anaphora, pronominal anaphora and NP anaphora in Chinese texts. It is found that in zero anaphora, such constraints that may lead to the usage of zero anaphora include constraints of intrasentence referent distance, semantic features, context (judgment of the referent of the head subject, context-based zero referent, ambiguous zero referent); pragmatic constraints (phonetic constraint and world knowledge constraints) and so on. It is also claimed that pragmatic and semantic elements (the meaning of the verb in the clause) form the major factors for judging zero referent in a multi-verb clause, while syntactic factor (the grammatical structure of the clause) ranks the second.
In the study of pronominal anaphora, the focus is on the third single pronoun “ta” (he), it is discovered the findings of pronouns. In terms of topic continuity, zero anaphora is the strongest, pronouns second, and NP the weakest. There are some constraints to the usage of ‘ta’, namely the change of actors, the context of the stories, limitation of time and place, conjunctions, and structures. It is found that despite of the fact that appearance of pronouns in the text is in linear way, the stratification still exists in its appearance in the text. The distribution of pronoun ‘ta’ is random in the text, still, the text structure and pragmatic factors attribute to the appearance of pronouns in the texts.
In the part of NP anaphora, the findings indicate there are five types of NP anaphora. These five types have been elaborated in terms of root node, position, state and role. Borrowed from Matthiessen’s instantial ideational ‘knowledge’ construction, the author develops the ideational system for analyzing NP anaphora, which is one of the contributions of this book.
