1)任何文本都不孤立,分析某单篇文本须参照其它文本,在语料库分析中如何体现这一想?
我们在对某一文本进行分析时,必须要注意该文本与其他文本之间的相互关系。Wolfgang认为 “We must see our task in the interpretation of individual texts and their (overt or covert) relationships to other texts. This means we must deal with them as unique occurrences. We must read them as repetitions of or reactions to what has been said before and what is being said elsewhere. We must acknowledge that the discourse has, by necessity, a diachronic dimension. We have to detect the traces that earlier texts leave in subsequent texts. We have to account for the iterability of writing. More important, we have to be aware that our interpretations of texts are not outside or on top of the discourse but part of it. This is why they are always provisional, for we never have the whole discourse at hand. No selection can avoid being contingent. New texts are always on the horizon.” (这段话中的iterability一词如果不是拼写错误的话,该是什么意思呢?)(引自Wolfgang,My version of corpus linguistics)
在实际研究中,我们在对文本中的关键词的关键性进行计算时,需要看其在与之相对比的参照语料库中的出现情况。“参照语料库在长度上要求比与之相比的文本或文类长,它反映了词在一般情况下在语料中出现的情况,因而可以作为比较的标准”。(杨慧中,语料库语言学导论2002:160)。我们在对某一作品进行文体分析时,我们除了对该作品进行分析,还要和该作家的其他作品或者其他作家的相关作品进行对照。这些例子应该都体现了“任何文本都不孤立”这一思想。