AntConc使用基本步骤:使用手册中文翻译

Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

<Token (Word) Definition>
In the Token (Word) Definition category, the user can choose which characters, numbers and so on will define a "word". For example, in some cases only letters will be considered words, but at other times, in might be desirable to include numbers, dashed and so on in the word definition. AntConc is fully Unicode compliant, meaning that it can handle data in any language, including all European languages and Asian languages. For this reason, the default options talk of letters in the broadest sense. Letters, for example, include all Japanese characters, if that language encoding is being used (see below). It is also possible for a user to define his or her own "word" definition.
For more information on the Uncode standards see:
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/unicode/guide.html
http://www.unicode.org/
http://www.unicode.org/Public/5.0.0/ucd/UCD.html
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropList.txt
http://www.unicode.org/charts/
<Color Settings>
In the Color Settings category, the user can edit the colors used to display results and other information.
<Font Settings>
In the Font Settings category, the user can edit the font types, sizes, and styles used to display results and other information.
<Language Encodings>
AntConc is fully Unicode compliant, meaning that it can handle data in any language, including all European languages and Asian languages. The language (encoding) of the data to be read by AntConc should be specified here. For example, if you are working with data saved in a Western language, it will usually be encoded in iso-8859-1 (default). On the other hand, Japanese texts are usually encoded in Shiftjis. By specifying the correct encoding, data from all languages can be processed correctly within AntConc.
“定义词例(词)”<Token (Word) Definition>
定义词例(词)范畴中,用户可以选择哪些字符,数字等等定义为“词”。比如,有些情况下,只有字母组合(Letters)被认为是词,但是其它时候,也许会有需要将数字(numbers),破折号(还是虚线dashed不确定)等等包含在词的定义中。AntConc完全适用统一码(Unicode),也就是说它可以处理任何语言数据,包括所有的欧洲语言和亚洲语言。因此,默认选项以广义设置字母组合。比如:如果使用日语编码,字母组合则包括所有的日语字符。用户也可以定义他们自己的“词”。
有关统一码标准(Uncode standards),更多信息见:
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/unicode/guide.html
http://www.unicode.org/
http://www.unicode.org/Public/5.0.0/ucd/UCD.html
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropList.txt
http://www.unicode.org/charts/
“颜色设置”<Color Settings>
颜色设置范畴中,用户能够编辑用于显示结果和其它信息的颜色。
“字体设置”<Font Settings>
字体设置范畴中,用户能够编辑用于显示结果和其它信息的字体类型,大小,以及样式。
"语言编码"<Language Encodings>
AntConc完全适用统一码(Unicode),也就是说它可以处理任何语言数据,包括所有的欧洲语言和亚洲语言。AntConc读取数据的语言(编码)在这里指定。比如:如果你工作的数据保存的是欧洲语言,通常编码为iso-8859-1(默认)。另一方面,日语文本则通常编码为Shiftjis。通过指定恰当的编码,所有语言数据都能在AntConc中得到正确处理。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

<TOOL PREFERENCES>
Each tool (with the exception of **Concordance Plot** and **File View**) has a preferences category, where settings can be fine tuned. All tool preference categories allow the user to show or hide the different frames in which the results are displayed. For example, the use can choose to hide the frame showing file names in the **Concordance** tool display window. Also, all tools have the option to treat all data as lowercase and use case when sorting. If results are displayed case sensitively, words including capital letters will appear higher up in the lists.
<Concordance Preferences>
In addition to the above the following settings can be made:
Instead of arranging results by words to the left or right of the search term, it is possible to arrange the results by LETTERS to the left or right of the first letter of the search term. This makes it possible to search for spelling differences. The search term can also be chosen to be hidden in the KWIC lines, allowing instructors to quiz students on possible words to fit the gap. Note: at any time, if the <X> key is pressed while the results window has the focus, the search term can be hidden or shown.
“工具预设”
每个工具(除索引定位和文件察看)都有一个预设类别,可以对设置做精细修改(where settings can be fine tuned)。所有工具预设类别允许客户显示或隐藏不同的结果显示框。比如:
用户能够选择在索引工具显示窗口中隐藏文件名的显示框,所有的工具也可以选择将所有数据视为小写(Treat all data as lowercase)并在分类时使用大小写(use case when sorting)。如果结果显示区分大小写,包括大写字母在内的单词在列单中将会居高显示( appear higher up in the lists)。
“索引预设”
除了以上这些,可以进行以下设置:
可以不根据搜索词左右的单词排列结果,而可以按照搜索词左右的字母安排结果。这样就可以搜索拼写区别了。搜索词也可以选择在关键词行(或索引行KWIC lines)隐藏,使得教师可以测验学生选择可能的词来填空。注意:at any time, if the <X> key is pressed while the results window has the focus, the search term can be hidden or shown.(这句话不明白什么意思,请大家指点)
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

我做了两个地方的修改,一是preference,二是category,查了一下计算机英语,还有一个view,我认为译为查看跟浏览差不多,就没改了。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

注意:at any time, if the <X> key is pressed while the results window has the focus, the search term can be hidden or shown.(这句话不明白什么意思,请大家指点)[/QUOTE]

这句话的意思是说:在索引窗口状态下,按下X键可以使检索词/词组等隐藏起来,再按一下就可以使之恢复出现.
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

Thanks a lot, Woody2314. The tree u plant will be the shelter of successors. I hope there will more contributers like u in this forum.
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

啊,我明白了,可是我试了一下,光按X键不行,得把Ctrl键按住,再按X键,〈〉里面加一个表示按键的符号是Ctrl+的意思。。。
呵呵,挠头,不好意思啊,就别夸我了,我不禁夸的。。。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

<Clusters Preferences>
For this tool there are no additional settings that can be set other than those described above.
<Collocates Preferences>
In addition to the above the settings, the choice of statistical measure can be chosen here. Currently, two statistical measure can be used: Mutual Information (MI) and T-Score. See above.

<Word List Preferences>
In addition to the above the following settings can be made:
A 'lemma list' can be loaded from a file, which can then be used to generate a lemma list instead of a word list. When the lemma list function is used, the 'lemma word form(s)' column will show the words in the corpus associated with each lemma.
A lemma list can be created by specifiying the 'lemma entry' follow by '->' followed by one or more 'words' that should be assigned to the lemma separated by one of more non-tokens. See the example below:
be->is, are
play->play, plays, playing, played
“词丛预设”<Clusters Preferences>
这个工具除了以上描述的没有另外的设置。
“搭配预设”<Collocates Preferences>
除了以上的设置,可以在这里选择统计量。当前,可以选择的有两种统计量:交互信息(MI) 和T值(T-Score),见上文。
“词单预设”<Word List Preferences>
除了以上所述,可以做以下设置:
可以从文件中加载一个“词目单”(Lemma List),这个词目单可以用来生成词目单,而不是词单。使用词目单功能时,主窗口中的“词目单词形式”(lemma word form(s))一栏将会显示语料库中与每个词目有关的单词。
通过指定“词目标记”(lemma entry不确定),也就是后接 '->',再接上词目所应对应的一个或多个单词(separated by one of more non-tokens不确定意思,没有翻,我认为应该是判定是否为对应词目的单词的标准,又或者是指将并列的几个单词分开的逗号或空格,但又是one of,所以我没法确定,请大家指点),可以做一个词目单。例子如下:
be->is, are
play->play, plays, playing, played
 
回复: AntConc使用基本步骤

antconc还是非常成功的一个软件,界面简洁,操作简单,适合初学者,甚至不少有ws的人会抛弃ws去使用antconc(身边不少朋友都是这样),antconc的使用前景是非常好的。ws当然速度快,功能全,但很多人也反映操作烦琐,弄不明白。

这让我想起来了 google的在线office,和以上事情类似。它的在线系统功能很简单,操作上手快,很快风行。后来billgates听了非常郁闷的说,google的在线office比microsoft至少落后10年!!

但这其中必定有它风行的道理,道理显而易见。。。。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

Clusters 和Ngram有什么区别呢?

基本一样的概念,各人使用偏好不同:

Clusters (Scott)
Lexical bundles (Biber)
Recurrent combinations (Altenberg)
N-gram (most of researchers in NLP)

A cluster, also termed an n-gram or lexical bundle, is a sequence of two or more words, not necessarily a grammatical or meaningful unit. (Baker)
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

基本一样的概念,各人使用偏好不同:

Clusters (Scott)
Lexical bundles (Biber)
Recurrent combinations (Altenberg)
N-gram (most of researchers in NLP)

A cluster, also termed an n-gram or lexical bundle, is a sequence of two or more words, not necessarily a grammatical or meaningful unit. (Baker)

谢谢老洪。

可是,antconc同时能做ngram和clusters,并且结果不同。

另外,multi word expression是否和上述差不多?
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

最后一部分到保存结果全部完成了哈,我还加上了第一部分的开头部分,只有一点点。今天先把没完成的贴上,明天把所有的整理了以后,再贴一遍,公示一下哈,大家有什么问题或者觉得有缺陷的我们一起商量着改一下。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

AntConc contains the following tools that will be explained separately.
**Concordance**
**Concordance Plot**
**File View**
**Clusters**
**N-Grams (part of Clusters)**
**Collocates**
**Word List**
**Keyword List**
Note that each tool can be accessed either by clicking on its 'tab' in the tool window, or using the function keys F1 to F7.
**Concordance**
The **Concordance** tool generates concordance lines (or KWIC: key word in context) lines from one or more target texts chosen by the user.
AntConc包括以下工具:
索引**Concordance**
索引定位**Concordance Plot**
文件查看**File View**
词丛**Clusters**
N元模式(部分词丛)**N-Grams (part of Clusters)**
搭配**Collocates**
词单**Word List**
关键词单**Keyword List**
注意每个工具都可以点击工具窗口上对应的按钮或者使用功能键F1至F7打开。
“索引”(Concordance)
索引工具生成用户选择的一个或多个目标文件的索引行(或关键词: key word in context)行。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

Note that in the example above, commas and spaces are assumed to be NOT defined as tokens. For this reason, if the lemma list available on the AntConc webpage is used, a 'dash' needs to be added to the token (word) definition for the lemma list to be processed correctly as the hyphenated words are used to the right of the lemma definition.
The wordlist can be generated using all words, or a specific set of words, or ignoring a certain set of words (a stop list). This is termed the "Wordlist Range". The range of words to be used (or ignored) can be entered directly by the user, or can be stored in files which are then read by AntConc by pressing the 'Open' button. A combination of words in a file and words directly entered by the user can also be used.
<Keyword List Preferences>
In addition to the above the following settings can be made:
As described in the section on the **Keyword List** tool, to generate a keyword list, the user needs to specify a reference corpus, and a statistical measure of 'keyness'. Although, the default options for the 'keyness' measure and threshold values are recommended, changes can be made in this menu. By choosing the "Show Negative Keywords" option, words that are unusually INFREQUENT in the target corpus compared with the reference corpus will be displayed. Also, here you can swap the main and reference corpora.
注意以上的例子中,逗号和空格不认为是词例。因此,如果AntConc页面上使用了词目单(lemma list),定义词例(词)(Token (Word) Definition)s设置中就需要加上破折号(dash),以使词目单得到正确处理,因为带有连词符的词习惯于放在词目定义的右边(as the hyphenated words are used to the right of the lemma definition这句话理解也有问题)。可以使用所有的词,或特定的一组词,或忽略某一组词(停止词单)来生成词单。这被称之为“词单范围”(Wordlist Range)。可以使用(或忽略)的单词范围可以直接由用户输入,也可以存储在文件里,然后按打开键(Open)由AntConc读取。用户也可以直接输入文件的单词组合和单词。
“关键词单预设”<Keyword List Preferences>
除了以上这些,可以进行以下设置:
如“关键词单”工具(Keyword List)中所述,要生成关键词单,用户需要指定一个参照语料库,以及一个关键性的统计量。尽管推荐默认的关键性统计量和极限值,可以在这个菜单里更改参数。选择“显示负面关键词”(Show Negative Keywords)选项,与参照语料库相比目标语料库中不同寻常的低频词将显示出来。你也可以在这里交换主要语料库(目标语料库)和参照语料库(Swap Ref/Main Files)。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

**SHORTCUTS**
Here is a list of Shortcuts that apply to all tools using window panes for results.
CTRL-C = Copies the currently selected text
CTRL-A = Selects all text in the window pane
ALT-A = Selects all text in all window panes showing
Double click = Selects the current word
Triple click = Selects the current line in the window pane
SHIFT-click = Selects continuous lines across all window panes showing
CTRL-click = Selects discontinuous lines across all window panes showing
DELETE = This deletes any selected lines that span across all window panes
INSERT = This keeps any selected lines that span across all window panes, and deletes all others
For any 'spinbox' widgets (e.g. the search term entry box) the 'UP' and 'DOWN' arrow keys on the keyboard can be used to activate the up and down buttons.
SAVING RESULTS
Results can be either saved to the clipboard, saved to a text file (..txt) or saved to a new window using keyboard commands, the appropriate option in the 'File Menu', or by clicking on the "Save Window" button in each tool, respectively. Also, it is possible to launch multiple clones of AntConc by double clicking on the .exe file.
“快捷键”
这儿是一个快捷键的列单,可以用在所有使用窗口显示结果的工具上。
CTRL-C =复制当前选择的文本
CTRL-A =选择窗口的所有文本
ALT-A =选择所有窗口显示的文本
双击=选择当前的单词
三击=选择窗口当前的一行
SHIFT-单击=选择所有窗口显示的连续行
CTRL-单击=选择所有窗口显示的不连续行
DELETE= 删除所有窗口中选中的行
INSERT =除了选中的行,删除其它行
对于任何“spinbox”键(即标有上下可选择的一组键,如:搜索词输入框边上的),键盘上的方向键“上”(UP)和“下”(DOWN)可以用来启动上下的选择键。
“保存结果”
结果既可以保存在剪切板里,也可以保存到文本文件(..txt)或使用键盘命令文件菜单上适当的选项或在每个工具界面上分别点击“保存窗口”键(Save Window)保存到新的窗口。并且,也可以通过双击附加名为.exe的文件复制很多个AntConc。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

整理出来一些问题,
将搜索词统一为检索词
将颠倒改为反向
反面关键词改为负关键词
文中括号里的英语一般为对应的按钮名或可能的选项中的注释,有的实在不好翻,就没翻,但一般有注释。

有一些问题哈:
比如:
hit的翻法,还有entry的
search term hit **Concordance**
concordance hit
all the hits for each file **Concordance Plot**
Hit Location **File View**
lemma entry <Word List Preferences>
这几处
font types, and styles 字 <Font Settings>体类型以及样式——我不知道专业的是否是这样翻的
其它还有一些问题,我问过Anthony之后会再做调整,请大家看一下前面这几个应该怎么翻比较好。
 
Re: AntConc使用基本步骤

呵呵,其实大部分应该还是看得懂说明的吧,我都怕自己是多此一举,但是想想应该还是有人需要翻译的吧,所以就做了。。。
其实做自己喜欢做的事本身就是一种幸福。。。
 
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