怎样使用SPSS
- 主题发起人 kavona
- 时间
Chi squared or log-likelihood tests will do. If you do not know how to use SPSS, you can try the LL caculator below:
http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html
For "Frequency of word", enter the number of passives in your two corpora, and for corpus size, enter the number of words in the two corpora.
If you get a score above 3.84, the difference is statistically significant at significance level 0.05, if the score is greater than 6.64, the sinificance level is 0.01, if the score is above 10.83, the sig. level is 0.001.
http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/llwizard.html
For "Frequency of word", enter the number of passives in your two corpora, and for corpus size, enter the number of words in the two corpora.
If you get a score above 3.84, the difference is statistically significant at significance level 0.05, if the score is greater than 6.64, the sinificance level is 0.01, if the score is above 10.83, the sig. level is 0.001.
SPSS is the name of a statistics software package. significance level 0.05 means you can be 95% confident (should be at least 95%) that the difference is statistically significant, i.e. the difference is not caused by chance.
Here is an example. In the Chinese Learner English Corpus (CLEC), which contains 1,070,602 words, there are 9,711 instances of passives; in the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS), which contains 324,304 words, there are 5,465 instances of passives. Is the difference statistically significant? If you compute the log-likelihood score, it will be 1235.6 (for 1 degree of freedom - if you are using UCREL LL calculator, the d.f. is 1), much greater than 3.84, or even 10.83 for significance at p<0.001. So now you are over 99.99% confident the difference is highly significant statistically. If you bring the raw frequencies of passive in the two corpora to occurrences per 100,000 words, you will find that there are about 907 instances of passive in CLEC but 1,685 instances in LOCNESS. So you can say that passives considerably under-used by Chinese learners of English.
Here is an example. In the Chinese Learner English Corpus (CLEC), which contains 1,070,602 words, there are 9,711 instances of passives; in the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS), which contains 324,304 words, there are 5,465 instances of passives. Is the difference statistically significant? If you compute the log-likelihood score, it will be 1235.6 (for 1 degree of freedom - if you are using UCREL LL calculator, the d.f. is 1), much greater than 3.84, or even 10.83 for significance at p<0.001. So now you are over 99.99% confident the difference is highly significant statistically. If you bring the raw frequencies of passive in the two corpora to occurrences per 100,000 words, you will find that there are about 907 instances of passive in CLEC but 1,685 instances in LOCNESS. So you can say that passives considerably under-used by Chinese learners of English.
回复: 怎样使用SPSS
Instead of concentrating on SPSS menus and the realistic client interface, How to Use SPSS Syntax concentrates on the linguistic structure administers in SPSS, an additionally incorporating approach that permits perusers to reproduce measurable examines by putting away them in a document for future utilization. Viable, available, and exceedingly centered, the book is short, while even now helping perusers create a top to bottom understanding of the basic language structure governs and charges. In every part, the writers unmistakably clarify the sentence structure, demonstrate the primary comes about, and incorporate social science research illustrations and downloadable records that permit perusers to take after along. Checks all through the book help perusers figure out if the punctuation is utilized accurately.
Instead of concentrating on SPSS menus and the realistic client interface, How to Use SPSS Syntax concentrates on the linguistic structure administers in SPSS, an additionally incorporating approach that permits perusers to reproduce measurable examines by putting away them in a document for future utilization. Viable, available, and exceedingly centered, the book is short, while even now helping perusers create a top to bottom understanding of the basic language structure governs and charges. In every part, the writers unmistakably clarify the sentence structure, demonstrate the primary comes about, and incorporate social science research illustrations and downloadable records that permit perusers to take after along. Checks all through the book help perusers figure out if the punctuation is utilized accurately.