研究习作: undergo and willingly undergo
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very interesting
"undergo" appears to follow "to" except the second sentence in the examples you have given.
the pattern seems to be: V+to+undergo+countable Noun( words concerning illness)
"willingly undergo" as a main verb in the sentences you have given.
the pattern seems to be:
willingliy undergo+Uncountable Noun(abstract noun)
it seems that we don't want to bear physical sufferings, but willingly put up with spirit bitterness.
this is my own ideas. i don't know if it is right. i hope it is useful.
"undergo" appears to follow "to" except the second sentence in the examples you have given.
the pattern seems to be: V+to+undergo+countable Noun( words concerning illness)
"willingly undergo" as a main verb in the sentences you have given.
the pattern seems to be:
willingliy undergo+Uncountable Noun(abstract noun)
it seems that we don't want to bear physical sufferings, but willingly put up with spirit bitterness.
this is my own ideas. i don't know if it is right. i hope it is useful.
"undergo", when used alone, does not bear any positive or negative (maybe with a negative semantic prosody if based on larger corpus data) sense. "willingly", however, presupposes a potential risk. So it is not surprise that we see “painful”, “severely”, “patiently”, “sins”, “difficult”, “struggle” in undergo's company.
"willingly" points to the volition of the agent. We have to look backward to the logical subject of "undergo" and what kind of difficulty or torture he/she has to or intends to brave. In this sense, it is not the collocation of “willingly + undergo” that bears a positive semantic prosody. Instead, it is the word “willingly” that controls the general tone of the sentence.
“willingly” and the hardship or risk keep a good balance semantically with “undergo” as a suspension point.
"willingly" points to the volition of the agent. We have to look backward to the logical subject of "undergo" and what kind of difficulty or torture he/she has to or intends to brave. In this sense, it is not the collocation of “willingly + undergo” that bears a positive semantic prosody. Instead, it is the word “willingly” that controls the general tone of the sentence.
“willingly” and the hardship or risk keep a good balance semantically with “undergo” as a suspension point.
undergo and willingly undergo
undergo: neutral nominal collocations
willingly undergo: negative nominal collocations - a negative semantic prosody
However, what exactly is in the neutral category? Any further thoughts?
"go" or "undergo" basically denotes an action starting from the speakers, the deictic center, so to speak. It can develop or to be developed to a different state of doing or action. From this later state, very probably from the collocates "undergo" keep, we derive our either positive or negative interpretation.
This "go" or "undergo" is so "innocent" that it does not determine its own connotation.
undergo: neutral nominal collocations
willingly undergo: negative nominal collocations - a negative semantic prosody
However, what exactly is in the neutral category? Any further thoughts?
"go" or "undergo" basically denotes an action starting from the speakers, the deictic center, so to speak. It can develop or to be developed to a different state of doing or action. From this later state, very probably from the collocates "undergo" keep, we derive our either positive or negative interpretation.
This "go" or "undergo" is so "innocent" that it does not determine its own connotation.
回复：研究习作: undergo and willingly undergo
Our online discussion has turned out some excellent material and insights. Earlier I
said that:
Now, here is the source of this paper:
http://www.uni-trier.de/uni/fb2/anglistik/Projekte/stubbs/largtext.htm
USING VERY LARGE TEXT COLLECTIONS TO STUDY SEMANTIC SCHEMAS: A RESEARCH NOTE
Michael Stubbs
FB2 Anglistik, Universität Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany
stubbs@uni-trier.de
Michael Stubbs's web page is available from Corpus Linguistics VIPs on this Web site.
Our online discussion has turned out some excellent material and insights. Earlier I
said that:
Now, here is the source of this paper:
http://www.uni-trier.de/uni/fb2/anglistik/Projekte/stubbs/largtext.htm
USING VERY LARGE TEXT COLLECTIONS TO STUDY SEMANTIC SCHEMAS: A RESEARCH NOTE
Michael Stubbs
FB2 Anglistik, Universität Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany
stubbs@uni-trier.de
Michael Stubbs's web page is available from Corpus Linguistics VIPs on this Web site.
Very intersting excercise, I love it.
So the semantic schema for undergo we outlined is slightly different from Stubbs'. For him, what is undergone is typically negative, but we found it is neutral - a change can be for better or worse, a medical examination or test is also quite neutral for me - and it is typically a durative process. We converge with Stubbs in connection with 'willingly undergo'.
So the semantic schema for undergo we outlined is slightly different from Stubbs'. For him, what is undergone is typically negative, but we found it is neutral - a change can be for better or worse, a medical examination or test is also quite neutral for me - and it is typically a durative process. We converge with Stubbs in connection with 'willingly undergo'.