研究习作: 汉语中的x果类名词

[动态语法]

曾有一线讨论语义韵问题

http://www.corpus4u.org/showthread.php?t=434

涉及汉语的几个“X果”名词的语义韵。LCMC上见到的x果类普通名词有：

成果
后果
结果
苦果
硕果
效果
战果

可以探讨的问题有：1）从语感上看，哪些有积极意义，哪些有中性意义，哪些有消极意义？
2）语料库的材料跟语感相同吗？

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作: 汉语中的x果类名词

ZT post by xiaoz on another thread:

以下是引用 xiaoz 在 2005-7-7 21:01:04 的发言：
Have corrected the typo in my posting.

Connotation is inherent in lexical meaning. For example, 恶果 and 苦果 always evaluate a result negatively wherever they occur. 结果 is often in a neutral context while 后果 typically evaluate a result negatively. 后果 keeps bad companies so frequently that a negative semantic prosody is its central tendency.

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作: 汉语中的x果类名词

ZT xujiajin post on another thread:

以下是引用 xujiajin 在 2005-7-8 0:07:00 的发言：

First of all, the examples of 恶果, 苦果, 后果 and 结果 do not go against our intuition as native speakers of Chinese. In most case, our native sense on connotational meanings of words and phrases would correspond to the corpus evidence.

 

[xiaoz]

In my view the evaluative meanings (positive or negative) in some of these words are connotational/innherent while in others such meanings are collocational (i.e. semantic prosodies).

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作: 汉语中的x果类名词

“后果”的用法有意思。“后果”显然常有负面意义，可是在“前因后果”里并没有这样的含义。
要解决的问题是：“后果”是如何获得了负面语义韵律的？

LCMC里面的“后果”用例：

 

[xujiajin]

Tentative explanation
前因后果 is an idiomatic four-character phrase describing objectively cause and effect.
后, indicating a backward locality, is set or riveted, so to speak, on the later position of the timeline. The seriousness, importance or severity of 后果, a later outcome, has been attested by previous experience and in most cases cannot be recovered.

结果, indicating the act or action of yielding fruit, is unpredictable in terms of a good or bad result.

See also the collocation patterns of 后果 in PDC2000

cluster

486 Search results from PDC2000, plain text unicode
http://www.corpus4u.org/upload/forum/2005082514543929.txt

 

[xiaoz]

Like 前因后果 in Chinese, when it is used neutrally, "consequence(s)" often means "importance", or is typically used in contrast with antecedent/precedence or conditional.

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作: 汉语中的x果类名词

Can we go so far as to say that 后果 and 前因后果 are
two different things even though they happend to share a common
morpheme?

 

[xiaoz]

The two are different words in my view.

 

[xiaoz]

For a study of x果类名词 in Chinese and English, see

Xiao, R. Z. and McEnery, A. M. (In press) Collocation, semantic prosody and near synonymy: A cross-linguistic perspective. Applied Linguistics.

Manuscript available at the following link:
http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/45/