研究习作：已经和曾经的异同

[动态语法]

本站可以考虑增设“研究习作”专栏，鼓励研究生或其他人员利用语料库
研究一些小而有趣的研究题目。大家可以用不同的语料分析，把结果
拿来比较。从中也许可以激发出一些文章或论文来。

先开个头。是否妥当请大家评说。

《语言科学》2005年4.3期刊登胡正微文章，比较已经和曾经的语法
意义。可惜没有用到语料库材料。从语料库中我们能够看出它们的异同
究竟是什么？

 

[Haiyang Ai]

好主意，我觉得不错！

 

[xujiajin]

Maybe we can use different corpus data we have at hand to test our understanding of the nuance between near synonyms.

 

[xiaoz]

Interesting proposal! Thanks.

 

[hancunxin]

good idea!

 

[tiger]

agree

 

[清风出袖]

great！

 

[xujiajin]

诸位，不要光说不练啊？

 

[xujiajin]

Have you noticed that we have set up such a forum/board--Corpus Research Showcase? You are welcome to post your recent insights and/or puzzles?

 

[carol]

just talk, no new idea, a pity!

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作：已经和曾经的异同

来点汉英比较的材料供研究用：语料来源 The Babel E-C Parallel
Corpus developed by Dr Xiao at Lancaster University, UK.

已经：
http://forum.corpus4u.org/upload/forum/2005072914252813.pdf

曾经：
http://forum.corpus4u.org/upload/forum/2005072914264313.pdf

 

[biggertree]

大家不要光说不练啊

 

[xujiajin]

http://www.corpus4u.com/forum_list.asp?forum_id=59

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作：已经和曾经的异同

Do you think 过 interacting with 曾/曾经, and 已/已经 have the same meaning?

 

[xiaoz]

SORRY

Very very SORRY 动态语法, I intended to reply but click on the Edit button, resulting a loss of your insightful posting. Could you post again to lessen my guilty? - and I would like to see this posting of yours read by more people - All thumbs Richard

 

[xiaoz]

Is there a difference in focu between the following two versions?

A) 侯赛因国王说，他已去过中国两次，两次访华都留下了美好的印象，并很愿意再去看看。
B) 侯赛因国王说，他曾去过中国两次，两次访华都留下了美好的印象，并很愿意再去看看。

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作：已经和曾经的异同

以下是引用 xiaoz 在 2005-7-30 9:07:24 的发言：
Very very SORRY 动态语法, I intended to reply but click on the Edit button, resulting a loss of your insightful posting. Could you post again to lessen my guilty? - and I would like to see this posting of yours read by more people - All thumbs Richard

Okay. accidents do happen.

I was trying to say that one can start doing any projects by counting
frequency of ocurrences of the items in question. In this regard 已经和曾经
are very different, as can be seen in the previously attached data files.

The next step is to ask why there is such a frequency disparity. Usually the
more frequent one tends to be versatile and has a 'wider appeal'. Exactly
what that means and how they differ have yet to be determined, but that's
the way to go.

I hope people can start with small projects and make interesting observations.

 

[动态语法]

回复：研究习作：已经和曾经的异同

以下是引用 xiaoz 在 2005-7-30 9:17:45 的发言：
Is there a difference in focu between the following two versions?

A) 侯赛因国王说，他已去过中国两次，两次访华都留下了美好的印象，并很愿意再去看看。
B) 侯赛因国王说，他曾去过中国两次，两次访华都留下了美好的印象，并很愿意再去看看。

It seems to me that 曾经 is often ommisible; using it gives a more formal flavor.
If this is true we should expect 曾经 to appear more in formal/written than
infomral/spoken genres.

 

[xiaoz]

It appears that the distribution of ceng/cengjing is not so closely associated with the formal/informal distinction as the narrative/expository distinction, as shown by the LCMC corpus:

ceng/cengjing in LCMC:

Genre Hit Words % Hit text Text
H 0 60795 0.000 0 1
R 1 18495 0.005 1 1
E 7 76558 0.009 1 1
C 8 34462 0.023 1 1
K 14 58432 0.024 1 1
J 47 160515 0.029 1 1
N 22 58421 0.038 1 1
F 39 88392 0.044 1 1
L 23 48422 0.047 1 1
B 26 53902 0.048 1 1
A 48 88333 0.054 1 1
P 37 58367 0.063 1 1
M 8 12356 0.065 1 1
D 29 34401 0.084 1 1
G 149 154646 0.096 1 1
Total 458 1006731 0.045 14 17

 

[oscar3]

回复：研究习作：已经和曾经的异同

曾and 已(or 曾经/已经) can be substituted mutually in many cases without any semantic differences, for example,

我已去过长城了， 不想再去了。​

我曾经去过长城，不想再去了。​

We can also find many instances where either 已经 or 曾经 is acceptable alternatively， but I dont't think frequency can help us more if the specific restraints are not analyzed.